Frequently Asked Questions

Where the parties agree on every issue and the settlement protocol is fully prepared, an uncontested divorce is usually concluded in a single hearing, on average within 1-2 months depending on the court's caseload. The marriage must have lasted at least 1 year.

No — it is strongly advisable to consult a lawyer before giving any statement. What you say during the statement forms the foundation of the case file and is difficult to correct later. Giving a statement in the presence of defense counsel is your legal right and cannot be held against you.

In enforcement proceedings without a judgment, an objection must be filed with the enforcement office within 7 days of service of the payment order. In proceedings specific to negotiable instruments, an objection to the debt must be filed with the enforcement court within 5 days. If the deadline is missed, the proceedings become final.

The workplace must employ at least 30 workers, the employee must have at least 6 months of seniority, and the employment contract must have been terminated without a valid reason. An application to a mediator must be made within 1 month of the termination notice.

In commercial cases whose subject matter is a monetary receivable or damages, applying to a mediator before filing suit is mandatory. If the mediation stage is skipped, the case is dismissed on procedural grounds. The process is typically completed within 6-8 weeks.

Either can be formed with a single shareholder. The minimum capital is TRY 250,000 for a joint-stock company and TRY 50,000 for a limited liability company. A joint-stock company suits structures seeking ease of share transfer, the possibility of going public, and tax advantages on share disposals; a limited liability company suits simpler management.

The reserved share is the portion of the statutory share that the deceased cannot take away, even by will. Descendants (children, grandchildren), parents, and the surviving spouse are reserved-share heirs. An heir whose reserved share has been infringed can bring an abatement (tenkis) action.

The main routes are: enforcement proceedings based on a written eviction undertaking, two justified notices, an eviction action based on the owner's need, termination by notice after the 10+1-year extension period, and eviction for default where rent goes unpaid. Each route has its own timing requirements.

The period runs from the day following written notification of the act; it is 60 days before the administrative courts and 30 days before the tax courts. If an application is first made to the administration, the filing period is suspended; upon rejection of the application, or if it goes unanswered for 30 days, the remaining period resumes.

In settlement, the penalty is usually reduced substantially, but the right to litigate is waived. Where the assessment is clearly unlawful, litigation can eliminate the penalty entirely. The decision should be made on a case-by-case risk analysis.

Yes. If the defect affects the vehicle's value or use, the consumer may exercise one of the optional remedies: free repair, replacement with a defect-free equivalent, refund, or a price reduction. The Court of Cassation upholds replacement and refund claims where the defect is significant.

It is claimed under the at-fault party's compulsory traffic liability insurance (from the other side's insurer). A written application to the insurer is mandatory first; if payment is not made, or is made short, within 15 days, an application can be filed with the Insurance Arbitration Commission.

For contract-based claims against private hospitals and physicians, the limitation period is, as a rule, 5 years; in mandate relationships it can vary depending on when the harm was discovered. For public hospitals, an application to the administration within 1 year is followed by a full remedy action. A deadline analysis must always be performed for the specific case.

The judge exercises discretion, weighing the gravity of the incident, the degrees of fault, the parties' economic and social circumstances, and the depth of the pain and suffering endured. Non-pecuniary damages cannot serve as a means of enrichment, but they must be substantial enough to have a deterrent effect.